Analysis of norovirus surveillance in adult infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus in adult cases with infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai， and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus. MethodsFecal samples， clinical information and epidemiological data were collected from January 2013 through December 2019 in surveillance hospitals in Putuo District of Shanghai. Norovirus was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （rRT-PCR）. ResultsIn 1 389 adult cases with infectious diarrhea， norovirus positive rate was 25.41%， which was significantly higher in male （27.16%） than female （23.89%）. Furthermore， in 353 cases positive for norovirus， GⅡ group was the most common （77.98%）.The positive rate was highest in the cases aged 30-44 years. Spring， autumn and winter were the seasons with higher incidence of norovirus （September to May）. The norovirus-infected cases had more nausea， vomiting， hyperactivity of bowel sounds， and watery stool， compared to the negative cases （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe detection rate of norovirus remains high in adult cases with infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai， of which GII is predominant. Seasonality may be spring， autumn and winter. Therefore， it warrants the countermeasures， such as surveillance and health education， for prevention and control of norovirus in susceptible population during epidemic seasons.

Analysis of norovirus surveillance in adult infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus in adult cases with infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai， and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus. MethodsFecal samples， clinical information and epidemiological data were collected from January 2013 through December 2019 in surveillance hospitals in Putuo District of Shanghai. Norovirus was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （rRT-PCR）. ResultsIn 1 389 adult cases with infectious diarrhea， norovirus positive rate was 25.41%， which was significantly higher in male （27.16%） than female （23.89%）. Furthermore， in 353 cases positive for norovirus， GⅡ group was the most common （77.98%）.The positive rate was highest in the cases aged 30-44 years. Spring， autumn and winter were the seasons with higher incidence of norovirus （September to May）. The norovirus-infected cases had more nausea， vomiting， hyperactivity of bowel sounds， and watery stool， compared to the negative cases （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe detection rate of norovirus remains high in adult cases with infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai， of which GII is predominant. Seasonality may be spring， autumn and winter. Therefore， it warrants the countermeasures， such as surveillance and health education， for prevention and control of norovirus in susceptible population during epidemic seasons.

Monitoring results analysis on acute respiratory infections monitoring point hospital in Putuo District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To ascertain characteristics of the pathogen spectrum and epidemiology with acute respiratory tract infection at monitoring point hospital of Shanghai,and provide a scientific basis for strategies and measures in prevention and control of the respiratory tract infectious disease.Methods The nasopharyngeal swabs of ARTI patients were collected by interval sampling for pathogen identification,who visited the fever clinic at monitoring point hospital from November 2014 to March 2016 The epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic detection of acute respiratory tract infection were analyzed.Results A total of 2 630 ILI cases were registered in this study,peaking in spring,summer and winter.There were 407 positive cases that were detected among 533 nasopharyngeal swabs,accounting for 76.36%.The top five isolating rates of the strains were Influenza virus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,nasal/enteric virus and adenovirus.The virus detection rate of different age groups was different (P<0.05).The total positive rate and virus detection rate of those who had cough were higher than those without cough symptoms (P<0.05).Conclusion Influenza virus infection proves to be the main cause of acute respiratory tract infection in Putuo District.Thus more attention and prevention and control measures should be strengthened with influenza.In the peak season,it is necessary to take measures to prevent aggregation epidemic of respiratory virus.

Application of macroporous resin in purification for effective part from Polygonum cuspidatum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the technological parameters of the purification process for effective part from Polygonum cuspidatum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using adsorption capacities and desorption rates of polydatin, resveratrol,emodin,physcion and total anthraquinone as the primary screening indexes, six resins were surveyed,and the optimized conditions of adsorption and desorption of the effective ingredients were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Resin D101 gave good separation performance and was selected to purify the effective part in Polygonum cuspidatum. The optimum parameters were established as the following: 1 BV (bed volume) sample extract was passed through the column with a flow rate of 2.4 BV x h(-1), 30 min later,the column was washed with 2 BV water, 2 BV 20% ethanol, 5 BV 50% ethanol, 2 BV 70% ethanol and 5 BV 95% ethanol, respectively. The combined 50% and 95% ethanolic elutes were concentrated to yield the purified effctive part.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The purity of the total effective ingredients in the product was up to 36. 87%. Macroporous resin D101 could be well used in separating and purifying the effective part from Polygonum cuspidatum.</p>

Isolation and structural elucidation of a bioactive saponin from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the bioactive constituents from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by extraction and partition as well as several-chromatographic techniques guided with Pyricularia oryzae bioassay method. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Bisdesmoside (I) was isolated as active compound causing morphological abnormality of Pyncularia oryzae mycelia and elucidated as 3-0-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-bayogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>I is a new natural product and exhibited significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines K-562 and BEL-7402, but no hemolytic activity to rabbit erythrocytes.</p>

The lignins from Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To separate and identify the chemical constituents of the aril of Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three lignins were isolated by chromatography and their chemical structures were elucidated by IR, EI-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT and 2D-NMR spectral methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three lignins were identified as pinonesinol, dihydrodehydrodiconiferylalcohol and (7,8-cis-8,8'-trans)-2',4'dihydroxyl-3, 5-dimethoxy-lariciresinol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound III is a new compound.</p>

Association between the functional monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphism and aggressively driving behavior / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study is purposed to explore the relationship between aggressively driving behavior and functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 348 automobile drivers were investigated with Deffenbacher's driver anger scale, driving vengeance questionnaire (DVQ) and driver aggression behavior questionnaire. Eighty-eight drivers were selected as more, medium and less aggressive group, each. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 2.5% agarose gel electrophoresisi were adopted to detect the polymorphism of functional 30 bp-uVNTR in the promoter region of the X-chromosomal MAOA gene and their frequencies of varied genotypes were estimated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two alleles with 3 and 4 repeats of 30 bp-uVNTR were detected in the drivers. Among the more aggressive group, number of the allele with 3 repeats of 30 bp-uVNTR (63/88) was significantly more than that with 4 repeats (25/88) (chi(2) = 10.21, P < 0.01), and number of the allele with 4 repeats of 30 bp-uVNTR was more in the less aggressive group, indicating that persons with allele of 3 repeats of 30 bp VNTR were more aggressive in their driving than those with 4 repeats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Aggressively driving behavior in drivers possibly related to their functional MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism. Effect of the gene on aggressively driving behavior should be further studied.</p>

Identification of four new ceramides from Anthopleura pacifica / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the bioactive constituents from Anthopleura pacifica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Compounds were separated by Pyricularia oryzae bioassay-guided fractionation method with a combination of multi-chromatography. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A portion showing activity against P. oryzae was obtained and from the portion four compounds were identified as N-hydroxyethyl-N-tetradecanoyl-(2S,3R)-octadecasphinga-4(E), 8(E)-dienine (a), N-hydroxyethyl-N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-(2S,3R)-octadecasphinga-4 (E), 8 (E)-dienine (b), N-hydroxyethyl-N-hexadecanoyl-(2S,3R)-octadecasphinga-4(E), 8 (E)-dienine (c) and N-hydroxyethyl-N-(13Z-docosenoyl-(2S,3R)-octadecasphinga-4(E), 8(E)-dienine(d).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the four compounds are new ceramides.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents from marine brown alga Ishige okamurai (3) / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Ishige okamurai.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by Pyricularia oryzae bioassay-guided fractionation method in combination with extraction and partitionation as well as multi-chromatography. Their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds were obtained and identified as (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-3-O-beta-D-galacto-pyranosyl glycerol (I), (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-myristoyl-3-O-(6-sulfo-alpha-D- quinovopyranosyl) glycerol (II), (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6'-sulfo-alpha-D- quinovopyranosyl) glycerol (III) and (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-3-O-(6'-sulfo-alpha-D- quinovopyranosyl) glycerol (IV), stearic acid (V), methyl myristate(VI) and palmitic acid (VII).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds I-VI were isolated from the alga for the first time while I, II and IV are new natural products. I-IV showed activity causing morphological abnormality of P. oryzae mycelia.</p>

Screening of antimitotic portions from sea hare using conidia of Pyricularia Oryzae / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To apply conidia of Pyricularia Oryzae to the screening of antimitotic constituents from marine animal sea hare.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To extract and fractionate active portions from sea hare through detecting deformation of mycelia germinated from conidia of P. Oryzae P-2b, in comparison with the cytotoxic test results in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Two active portions, of which IC50 against P388 and HL-60 was 23.4, 18.6 and 19.4, 12.5 micrograms.ml-1, respectively, were screened from this animal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This bioassay method was efficiently applied to the primary screening of antimitotic portions from marine animals for the first time. Being convenient, speedy and cheap, the screening model is suitable for the bioassay of active constituents from marine life.</p>